Gambling is risking something of value (money, goods, property or rights) on an event that is determined at least in part by chance. The hope is that the gambler will ‘win,’ and gain something of value in return. The activity takes place in many forms, including fruit machines, scratchcards, betting on football accumulators and office pools, and more recently the rise of online gambling.
People of all ages can develop problems with gambling. Young children can struggle to control how much time they spend playing video games, particularly those that request micro-transactions or payments, and teenagers can be attracted to social media and mobile app games that involve gambling elements. Adults can also develop problem gambling, especially if they are suffering from depression or anxiety, or if they are isolated, bored or under financial pressures.
Psychiatrists can help people with gambling addictions through counselling and other forms of psychotherapy. Some individuals may benefit from a course of medication, which can help to stabilise mood and reduce cravings for gambling. There are also inpatient and residential treatment programmes for those with severe or recurrent gambling problems, who need round-the-clock support to stop their behaviour.
Some people with gambling addictions can be helped by taking steps to manage their finances and credit, and setting limits on the amount they can bet or spend. In addition, family and marriage therapy can be helpful in working through issues that have been exacerbated by the problem gambling.
It is also important to learn healthier ways to relieve unpleasant feelings. If you’re feeling bored or lonely, for example, try spending time with friends who don’t gamble, or try hobbies and relaxation techniques that can help you to unwind. Never chase your losses, or start thinking you’re due for a big win – this is called the “gambler’s fallacy” and is a common mistake that can lead to further gambling and increased financial difficulties.
Research suggests that 2.5 million adults (1%) may meet the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, and 5-8 million more have mild to moderate problems. This can cause a range of problems, from affecting physical and mental health to harming relationships, work or study performance, or even leading to homelessness. It can also impact on family and carers, who often feel that they have little control over their loved one’s gambling behaviour. Those who have problems with gambling may also be at high risk of suicide. Public Health England estimates that over 400 suicides are associated with gambling every year in the UK. This is significantly higher than the number of suicides that are associated with substance misuse or mental illness. The majority of these deaths are men.