A world recession is a condition when global economic growth slows down significantly. The main causal factors can be understood through several aspects, such as political instability, financial crisis and climate change. The uncontrolled rise in inflation, accompanied by soaring energy and food prices, is also driving the recession. Additionally, the spread of pandemics such as COVID-19 has drastically disrupted global supply and demand chains, creating far-reaching impacts. The impact of the recession on the global economy is enormous and varied. First, unemployment is increasing. With many companies forced to cut costs, layoffs have become the most common step taken. This creates uncertainty among consumers, which leads to a decrease in purchasing power. In addition, foreign direct investment has decreased, as investors tend to avoid greater risks in uncertain situations. Second, international trade is significantly affected. In a recession, countries tend to tighten budgets and limit exports and imports. This causes a decrease in global demand, which results in a contraction in the economies of goods-producing countries. These disruptions not only harm the economy of certain countries, but also disrupt global supply chains. Third, the financial sector faces serious challenges. Many banks and other financial institutions are at risk of large losses, especially if they have high exposure to unpaid debt. This uncertainty also spreads to stock markets, which often experience high volatility during recessions. This creates a negative cycle, where a decline in investor confidence worsens economic conditions. Fourth, recessions also trigger changes in monetary and fiscal policies in various countries. To re-stimulate growth, central banks often lower interest rates or launch economic stimulus packages. These policies can help encourage borrowing and investment, but they also sometimes risk triggering long-term inflation if not managed carefully. From a social perspective, recessions can exacerbate economic inequality. Those at lower economic levels are usually more vulnerable to negative impacts, such as reduced social services and access to education. These disparities demand serious attention from governments and international organizations to ensure an inclusive recovery. In the face of a world recession, countries are expected to collaborate in creating sustainable solutions. The formation of international cooperation can help facilitate trade and investment, as well as maintain global economic stability. Expanding technological innovation and adopting sustainable practices are important steps to ensure economic resilience in the future. By understanding the causes and impacts of the world recession, strategic steps can be taken to mitigate the negative consequences and prepare the global economy for future challenges.